MARKO ŽIVKOVIĆ
Search site
Open menu
ARTIFACTS
▾
Knowledge stack
Patterns
Frameworks
Maps
ARTICLES AND ESSAYS
▾
Genesis
Modeling Truth
Synthesizing Knowledge
Enabling Intelligence
Towards Wisdom
Strategy and Beyond…
Threads
Search site
About and contact
▾
About
Engage
ARTIFACTS
▾
Knowledge stack
Patterns
Frameworks
Maps
ARTICLES AND ESSAYS
▾
Genesis
Modeling Truth
Synthesizing Knowledge
Enabling Intelligence
Towards Wisdom
Strategy and Beyond…
Threads
Search site
About and contact
▾
About
Engage
← Reference
Terms
Terms
Definitions, taxonomy, and ontology — cross-cutting reference.
Dimension
Epistemic ladder
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
Formal foundations
Ontology
Organisation
Innovation & adoption
99 of 99 entries
Anchoring Bias
Early numbers or conclusions disproportionately pull later judgment — even when irrelevant
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Architecture Decision Record
Industry ADR (Nygard 2011) and corpus (A)DR — durable decision rationale with optional hypothesis closure
Organisation
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
→
As-Of Query
Align combined streams to an explicit instant or cut-off time T
Epistemology
→
Authority Weight
How much a committer's standing should move confidence in a specific domain
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
→
Authorization
The right to commit in a domain — entitlement, mandate, delegation
Commitment & authority
Organisation
→
Big O Notation
How cost grows as a system gets larger — O(n²) means quadratic growth
Formal foundations
→
Brier Score
Mean squared error of probabilistic forecasts — lower is better calibrated
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Catastrophic (Outcome Severity)
Errors cause death, serious injury, irreversible ruin, or major legal consequences
Epistemology
→
Causal Consistency
If one event caused another, a consistent view contains both or neither
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Chain of Thought (CoT)
Linear legible reasoning stream before bind — one reasoning topology, L-β assert
Epistemology
Commitment & authority
→
Channel Capacity
Maximum mutual information transmissible through a processing step
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Clock Skew
Hosts disagree on wall time — a cross-stream hazard bounded in well-run systems
Epistemology
→
Commitment Boundary
Where pre-bind material becomes accountable commit
Commitment & authority
→
Confirmation Bias
Seeking and overweighting evidence that supports an initial judgment — underweighting what challenges it
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Contestability
Defined challenge to committed decisions — forward correction, no punishment for questioning alone
Commitment & authority
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Cramér–Rao Bound
Fundamental lower limit on estimator variance from Fisher information
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Credible Commitment Device
Schelling-style self-binding — game-theoretic vocabulary; organisational use defaults to dark pattern
Organisation
Commitment & authority
→
Cross-Stream Consistency
Whether a combined view corresponds to a state that could have existed together
Epistemology
→
Cybernetics
Feedback, control, and communication in goal-directed systems — first-order loops and higher-order observation of observers
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Data Processing Inequality
Processing cannot increase mutual information about the source
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Decision Reversibility Classes
How costly it is to undo a committed choice — sets rigor, runway length, and supersession speed
Organisation
Commitment & authority
→
Democracy
Equal-weight collective bind — acceptance, not better decisions
Commitment & authority
Organisation
→
Deterministic and Feasible (D-F)
Task nature where a correct answer can be computed exactly at practical scale
Epistemology
→
Deterministic and Infeasible (D-I)
Task nature where a correct answer exists but exact computation is impractical at scale
Epistemology
→
Diffusion of Innovation
How new ideas spread through a population over time
Innovation & adoption
→
Disposition
Decision-maker posture — promotion, prevention, and appetite mistaken for tier
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Double-Loop Learning
Revise governing variables — not only actions within fixed goals, metrics, and assumptions
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Dynamic Capabilities
Sense, seize, and reconfigure — organisational agility under changing conditions
Organisation
→
Emergent Entities
Composition creates new real entities — grounded in physics, not identical to their parts
Ontology
→
Emergent Physicalism
Higher-level patterns are real and grounded in lower-level processes — not independent of physics
Ontology
→
Epistemic Harness
Structure that converts capability into trustworthy action — LLM, human, and hybrid
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Epistemic Humility
Acceptance that one may err and others may be right — tier honesty without performative certainty
Epistemology
Commitment & authority
Organisation
→
Epistemic Uncertainty
How confidently an artifact reflects the truth it claims
Epistemology
→
Ethics
Supreme orientation — what must never be traded away for efficiency, compliance, or effect
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Execution Runway
A declared period to implement a committed decision before mandatory revisitation — not immunity from evidence
Organisation
Commitment & authority
→
Experiment Architecture
How organisations generate evidence that updates intelligence — not just metrics
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Fisher Information
I_F(θ) — how much a measurement tells you about a parameter
Formal foundations
→
Frozen Collective Subjectivity
Human judgments from a training corpus compressed into model weights
Epistemology
→
Genuinely Probabilistic (P)
Task nature where no single deterministic correct answer exists
Epistemology
→
Goodhart's Law
Targeting a statistical regularity destroys it — from monetary control to metric gaming
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Groupthink
Cohesive groups prioritise unanimity over honest appraisal — dissent suppressed, tier collapsed
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Heterophobia
Aversion to the unlike — when difference itself disqualifies a claim or its bearer
Innovation & adoption
Epistemology
→
Homophily
Similarity breeds contact — and ideas spread inside closed circles before they cross groups
Innovation & adoption
Epistemology
→
Hypothesis from Data
A derived rule or model proposed from captures — useful, testable, not yet ground truth
Formal foundations
Epistemology
Epistemic ladder
→
In-Sample Pattern
Structure found in a fixed dataset — derivable, not a new observation
Formal foundations
Epistemology
Epistemic ladder
→
Information Efficiency
η — fraction of mutual information a processing step preserves
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Information Realism
What exists is structure that propagates — ultimately encoded in physical waves
Ontology
→
Innovation S-Curve
Cumulative adoption over time — the sigmoid shape Rogers diffusion produces
Innovation & adoption
→
KL Divergence
D_KL(P||Q) — how one distribution diverges from a reference
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Knowledge Synthesis
How data becomes something we can act on — distinct from Shannon information
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Knowledge-Based View
Knowledge as the firm's primary strategic resource — KBV extension of the resource-based view
Organisation
→
L–U Shorthand
Atomicity level (L0–L3) plus uncertainty band (U-low / U-med / U-high) — e.g. L1-U-low
Epistemic ladder
Epistemology
→
L0 — Atomic Committed
Irreducible decision events and designated observations
Epistemic ladder
Commitment & authority
→
L1 — Invariant Aggregate
Single-stream, single-writer committed aggregates
Epistemic ladder
→
L2 — Compound Aggregate
Multi-step derivations — committed or uncommitted
Epistemic ladder
→
L3 — Rendered Artifact
Human-optimised views — committed or uncommitted
Epistemic ladder
→
Legitimacy
Will affected parties carry the outcome — and was the commit properly authorized?
Commitment & authority
Organisation
→
Linearizability
Operations appear atomic at an instant; real-time order is preserved
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Local Optimization
Each unit optimizes its own metric while the system loses global invariants
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Logical Inference
Deterministic derivation from premises — not an L0 atom
Formal foundations
Epistemology
Epistemic ladder
→
Majority-Centre Risk
Collective aggregation centres the median comfort zone — mediocrity over the best read when one exists
Epistemology
Organisation
Commitment & authority
→
Markov Chain
A process whose future depends only on the present state
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Measure of Effectiveness (MOE)
Did the aim move? — outcome-linked evidence that the mission or decision hypothesis succeeded
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Measure of Performance (MOP)
Did the operational number move? — activity and proxy signals; necessary but not sufficient for aim success
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Meritocracy
Calibration-weighted collective bind — the overlap of quality and legitimacy
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Meta-Loop Control
Second-order discipline for control loops — when sensors become targets, monitors need monitors
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Minor (Outcome Severity)
Errors are quickly caught and cheaply corrected
Epistemology
→
Misaligned Incentives
Reward functions that pay for visible outputs over honest epistemic status
Organisation
Epistemology
→
ML Reproducibility Crisis
Large-scale failure to replicate ML research claims — cultural symptoms, architectural broken causal chain
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Multi-Level Explanation
Discovery and justification often require the level where the pattern is visible
Ontology
→
Mutual Information
I(X;Y) — shared information between a source and an output
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Negligible (Outcome Severity)
Errors have no meaningful consequence
Epistemology
→
Non-Reductive Physicalism
Everything is physical; higher-level descriptions remain indispensable
Ontology
→
Operational Capabilities
Execute the known playbook well — efficiency and reliability in a stable context
Organisation
→
Organisational Toxicity
Hostile climate where fear and retaliation displace honest challenge — often structural symptom
Organisation
→
Outcome Severity
How bad being wrong is — the second calibration dimension
Epistemology
→
Peano Arithmetic
A standard formal axiom system for ordinary arithmetic — natural numbers, +, ×, and induction
Formal foundations
→
Platform Guardrails
Encoded contours — in-set and out-of-set — that product teams self-serve inside without a ticket per decision
Organisation
→
Platform Self-Service
Cross-cutting functions scale as platform products — enable teams, shift work, constrain in software
Organisation
→
Processor Fidelity
Sixth trust facet — how faithfully the judge reads evidence at the bind
Epistemology
→
Psychological Safety
Conditions where people can speak work-relevant truth without fear of retaliation
Organisation
Epistemology
Commitment & authority
→
Quality
Did the bind read evidence well? — epistemic quality at the commitment boundary
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
→
Reasoning Topology
Shape of legible thought — chain, tree, graph, network — in prompts and on the event log
Epistemology
Commitment & authority
→
ReasoningAsserted
Standard assert event that freezes automated pre-bind material before commit
Commitment & authority
→
Refutation Propagation
When a claim is refuted, the demotion travels to everything that depended on it
Epistemology
Epistemic ladder
→
Resource-Based View
Internal resources and capabilities as sources of sustained competitive advantage
Organisation
→
Serializability
A combined outcome equivalent to some serial execution of the underlying updates
Epistemology
Formal foundations
→
Shannon Entropy
H(X) — uncertainty in an outcome; information gained on observation
Formal foundations
Epistemology
→
Short-Termism
Near-term rewards and deadlines displace long-horizon truth obligations
Organisation
Epistemology
→
Significant (Outcome Severity)
Errors cause meaningful, recoverable harm
Epistemology
→
Task Nature
Whether a correct answer exists, and whether it is feasible to compute
Epistemology
→
The Chasm
The gap between early adopters and the pragmatic mainstream in high-tech adoption
Innovation & adoption
→
The Innovation Divide
Same evidence, different assigned strength — appetite mistaken for epistemic judgment
Innovation & adoption
Epistemology
→
The Innovator's Dilemma
Why successful incumbents fail when disruption starts below the mainstream
Innovation & adoption
→
Theatre
A mechanism is performed for appearance — without doing what it claims
Commitment & authority
Organisation
→
Thinking Exoskeleton
Structure that amplifies human reasoning — for knowledge organisations and individual researchers
Epistemology
Organisation
→
Track Record
Past committed decisions in a domain — and how they turned out
Commitment & authority
Epistemology
Organisation
→
VRIO Framework
Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organized — when firm resources become sustained advantage
Organisation
→
ZFC
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice — a standard foundation for modern mathematics
Formal foundations
→